Churn



(No Model.)

H. FELT.

GHURN.

No. 414,506. Patented Nov. 5, 1889".

UNITED STATES PATENT @einen HANNIBAL FELT, OF GALLATIN, TENNESSEE.

` CHURN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 414,506, dated November5, 1889.

Application filed March 8, 1.889. Serial No. 302,465, (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, HANNIBAL FELT, a citizen of the UnitedStates,residing at Gallatin,

in the county of Sumner and State of Tenact description of theinvention, such ,as willV enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings,`

and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form apart of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in chui-ns; and it has for itsobject, primarily, to create a violent agitation of the cream and thusbreak up the molecules wit-hin a very short time; to provide for thesecure fasten ing of the cover to the body of the churn by devices whichwill enable the cover to be easily and expeditiously removed, and toprovide a novel driving mechanism for rotating the dasher.

The receptacle has two vertical straight abutments atdiametrcally-opposite points and two inclined abutments intermediate ofthe vertical. straight abutments, and a vertical rotary dasher havingits lateral faces inclined to deiiect the cream radially from the centerof the body toward vertical abutments, and carrying two inclined win gswhich are located on opposite sides of the body of t-he dasher andinclined in reverse directions to throw the cream upwardly and outwardlyagainst the inclined abutments, whereby the cream is violently agitated,and is given a long range .of movement, which rapidly breaks up themolecules of the cream within a very short time. The driving mechanismof the churn is mounted on a central section of a threepart cover, saidcentral section being extended at its ends beyond the body of the churnand having transverse recesses or grooves in 'its lower side into whichis received the edges or"l the churn-body, At each end of the centralthrough which tube passes the upper angular end of the flasher-staff,the lower end of the thimble being extended below the lower face of thecover and into the body of the churn to prevent the cream from beingthrown out oi' the body through the aperture in the cover thereof whenthe cream is agitated. A casting is fixed exteriorly to the centralsection of thecover, and it has a vertical annular flange or rim whichsurrounds the upper end of the thimble, but is out of Contact laterallytherewith to leave an intervening space between said fiange and thethimble7 into which space is iitted a depending hub or rim of aVbevel-pinion. This bevel-pinion has a square central socket, throughwhich passes the upper angular end of the dasherstai, and this pinion issupported by its depending hub and prevent-ed from lateral play anddisplacement by the dasher-shaft, the flange of the casting, and theupper extremity of the thimble. A master-gear meshes with thebevel-pinion to rotate the latter andthe dasher, and the shaft of saidmaster-gear is journaled in a slotted frame or standard which is securedto the central member of the cover in such a manner that said frame andthe master-gear can be adjusted toward the bevel-pinion to take up andcompensate for wear between the mast-er gear and the bevel pinion whichmeshes therewith.

Lwill now proceed to describe my invention in connection with theaccompanying drawings, in which= Figure l is a sectional elevation of myimproved churn. Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof with the cover removed.Fig. 3 is a detailed underside view of a part of the central member ofthe cover and the cam-lever for securing the latter in place. Fig. et isa detailed perspective view of one of the leg-receiving sockets and apart of a leg.

Like letters of reference denote corresponding parts in all the figuresof the drawings.

In the embodiment of my invention I provide a receptacle A, which ispreferably hexagonal in form and ot' the ordinary construction. Upon theinside this receptacle is provided at opposite points with straightvertical abutments d a', and at points between the vertical straightabutments, equidistant there from, I provide oblique abutments d2 a3,which IOG are inclined in reverse directions, these abutments beingsuitably fixed to the inside of the receptacle or body.

B is the dasher, which is centrally stepped or pivoted at its lower endin the receptacle A, and is bodily of diamond shape in crosssection,with its lateral faces or sides converging from a central point throughits vertical axis" toward its outer vertical edges, as shown in Fig. 2.The dasher B is provided with wings or blades C C', which extenddiagonally upward and stand outward from the body'of the dasher. onopposite sides of the body of the da'sher, and are inclined in reversedirections with relation to each other, the lower ends of the wingsbeing liXed to the body and suitably -bracedto said body, as at b b.This construction of dasher effects, by means of said blades,thevthrowing of the cream or contents of the receptacle upward andoutward against the ,ver-tical abutments as they (the blades) face or,come opposite the latter, and in like manner throw said cream orcontents against the obligue or reversely-inclined abutments as -saidwings or blade come opposite or face said oblique abutments. Mccntents,`instead of being thrown directly Thus the cream or against the sides ofthe receptacle, are given afcircuit'ous route or long range of movemenuits molecules thus receiving a maXi` 'mum breaking up action in aminimum spacaas also in the shortest possible amount of-time.

l rlhe receptacle A is provided with a lid or cover D, centrally throughwhich passes and projects the Vdasher staff or shaft B. The cover Dis-preferably formed in three sections,

the` middle or bar section d of which holds the dasher and its shajti nposition, and this cen- .tral member ror section is clamped or held inplace on the churn-receptacle A by means of cam-leyers E E, which arepivoted to the under side of the central section d, and are adapted tofit or take beneath socket-like angle-plates or brackets E E', which arefixed or bolted to the sides of the receptacle A at itsupper edge.

The brackets or angle-plates embrace and bear against the under side ofthe central member or section d, while against the under side ofmthehorizontal or socket portions of said brackets orplates are adapted totit the inclined or cam portions of the levers E, thus securelyretaining the central section of the cover in place. This constructionand arrangement of levers and socket-plates also permits of the readyandvexpeditious removal of the cover and the dasher-driving mechanisms.

.l A vert-ical sleeve or thimble F passes centrally through the middlesection or member of the cover, and this thimble has a bead f formednear itsupper edge or end, which bears or rests in a cavity f in theside walls of the Said wings are located oil from the flasher-operatinggearing, presently referred to. I The upper end of the boX- ing orsleeve F thus forms the inner wall of the lubricant-receiving cup G andprevents the dripping or passing of 'the lubricant or oil into thechurn. The cup-shaped casting G is suitably fastened or screwed to thecrossbar cl, as shown, and it is arranged laterally of and out ofcontact with the upper eXtrem-ity of thel thimble.

By forming the oil-cup in two sections Iam enabled to secure a smoothbearing-surface on the inner face of the upwardly-projecting flange ofthe casting G without the necessity of having the casting turned orfitted, as would be necessary in casting the inner and ,outer walls ofthe cup integral, and at thesameftime keeping the width ot' the annularcup within suit-able limits. Y

The gearing `for operating the chu'rn-dasher consists of a vsmallbeveled pinion 7i, having an angular 'or square socket for receivingtheupper end of the dasher-shaft B ,-and `this pinion meshes with the largebeveled gear- 4wheel or master-gear H, which vis carried. by ahorizontal vshaft h', Vthat Vis suitably supported upon a frame orstandard I, and this shaft has applied to its outer extremity a handleor crank e'. has longitudinal slots z" vjin its lowery end, throughwhich are passed the holding clamp screws or bolts 7' j. The slotsandscrewspermit of the adjustment ofthe large gear-wheel or master-gear andits supporting-frame up tothe pinion to compensate for wear, '&.c. Theinner ends or heads of the screws or bolts jj are let into countersinksor recesses j j to remove the same from contact withrthe cream orcontents of the churn-receptacle.

Bracket-like castings or sockets J are also applied to thesides of thereceptacle at its lower edge, eachsocket being secured through theprojecting bottoni edge or iiange ofA the receptacle by a 'single boltlo. The'scglegsockets J'haveat their lower or bottom edgesinward-projecting ledges or lia'nges 7c', which take under the ybottomedges of the receptacle A, thus assisting the retention of `said socketsin place. rlhese sockets may also have passed through them, and enteringthe receptacle about opposite the union of its bottom with sides,screws, if desired. These sockets serve to receive lthe legs K, thelatter being proximately do'vetailed in crosssec'tiom which fit betweenthe correspondingfshapedV ange of the socket to prevent lateral dis= IOOThe frame or lstandard I IIC IZO

placement of the legs. The upwardly-con verging leg-openings in thesockets .I are located on the side walls of the churn and obliquely toits vertical axis, and are preferably open at the top as well as at thebottom for the purpose of access to the upper ends of the legs when itis desired to release them. The legs have a gradual taper correspondingto the taper of the holes in the sockets and extending for a distancebelow the lower ends of the holes in the sockets, when the legs are atrst inserted, in order to provide for the self-tightening of the legs asthey shrink.

Changes in the forni and proportion of parts and details of constructioncan be made without departing from the spirit or sacrificing theadvantages of my invention; and I would therefore have it understoodthat I do not confine myself to the exact details of construction hereinshown and described as an embodiment of my invention.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. A churn having its receptacle provided with straight verticalabutlnents at diametrically-opposite points and the oblique abutmentsintermediate of and equidistant from said straight abutments,incombination with a dasher having an approximately diamond shape incross-section with its lateral or side faces converging from itsvertical axis toward its edges, substantially7 as and for the purposedescribed.

2. In a churn, the combination of a receptacle having the straightvertical abutments at diametrically-opposite points and the obliqueabutment-s intermediate of said vertical abutinents, and a verticalrotary dasher carrying two oblique wings which are arranged on oppositesides of the body of the dasher out of contact laterally therewith,substantially as and for the purpose described.

8. In a churn, the combination of a receptacle having the straightvertical abutinents and the intermediate oblique abut-ments, and avertical rot-ary dasher having the lateral faces thereof converging fromthe center toward the edges and carrying two oblique wings or bladeswhich are fixed at their lower ends directly to the body of the dasher,said wings being located on opposite sides of the body of the dasher outof contact laterally therewith and inclined in opposite directions,substantially as and for the purpose described.

4:. In a churn, the combination, with a cover, of a vertical sleeve orthimble fixed to the cover and'having its lower end extended below thelower face of the cover into the body of the churn, for the purposedescribed, a cupshaped casting having an annular socket which is ofgreater diameter than the thimble to leave an intervening space betweenthe wall of said socket and the thimblea dasherstaff passing through thethimble, and a drive-pinion having an extended hub which iits inthespace between 'the socket and'upper end of the thimble, substantiallyas described, for the purpose set forth.

5. The combination, with a churn-cover, a dasher-shaft extending throughthe covcr,`and a pinion engaged with the shaft and provided withadepending annular flange spacedfrom the shaft, of a casting surroundingthe shaft and provided with an uprising iiange back from the inner edgeof the casting, and a thimble surrounding the shaft and provided with anexpanded portion in immediate engagement with the inner edge of thecasting, the thimble and casting forming a cupbearing to receive theiiange on the pinion, and the expanded portion of the thimble insuring atight joint, substantially as set forth.

6. In a churn, the combination, with a receptacle having secured to itsinner walls vertical and oblique abutinents alternating with oneanother, of a vertical rotary dasher carrying oblique wings secured tothe opposite sides of the ybody of the dasher, substantially as setforth.

In testimony whereof I ailix in y signature in presence of twowitnesses.

HANNIBAL FELT.

Witnesses:

Jos. FoRREsT, H. I. BERNHARD.

